Bitcoin Script 101 (2): Standard Script Templates
From P2PKH to Taproot: the standard templates and what problems they solve.
Bitcoin Script 101 (2): Standard Script Templates
Most Bitcoin scripts are not handwritten; they’re standard templates. Understanding them is understanding real‑world Bitcoin usage.
1) P2PKH (Pay to Public Key Hash)
The classic “pay to address” form.
Locking script (scriptPubKey):
OP_DUP OP_HASH160 <PubKeyHash> OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG
Unlocking script (scriptSig):
<sig> <pubkey>
Use case: legacy/base58 addresses.
2) P2SH (Pay to Script Hash)
Hash the redeem script to improve compatibility with complex conditions.
锁定脚本：
OP_HASH160 <ScriptHash> OP_EQUAL
To spend, provide the redeemScript plus the data that satisfies it.
Use case: multisig, complex conditions, legacy compatibility.
3) SegWit (P2WPKH / P2WSH)
SegWit moves signatures out of the transaction body, improving efficiency and fixing malleability.
- P2WPKH: SegWit version of P2PKH
- P2WSH: SegWit version of P2SH
Scripts and signatures live in the witness area. Addresses usually start with bc1.
4) Taproot (P2TR)
Taproot introduces Schnorr signatures and script trees (MAST):
- More efficient key‑path spends
- Better privacy (script paths revealed only when used)
- More composability for complex contracts
Use case: advanced multisig, timelocks, and more private complex scripts.